Hover Fly and Bee Fly Varieties Variety

Bee Variety Diversity

Off 2009 in order to 2018, 192 bee variety (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) was basically stuck within the Calanques National Park via one another online and you will pan trap collections. They belonged so you’re able to half a dozen parents and 38 genera. Megachilidae is actually probably the most varieties-rich nearest and dearest, followed by Apidae and you may Halictidae, that have 53, forty two, and 43 varieties, correspondingly. Andrena Fabricius, 1775 was this new wealthiest genus, with 33 varieties, while seven genera was indeed illustrated from the singular kinds (Stelis Panzer, 1806; Protosmia Ducke, 1900; Pseudoanthidium Friese, 1898; Coelioxys Latreille, 1809; Chelostoma Latreille, 1809; Anthidiellum Cockerell, 1904; Amegilla Friese, 1897; Panurgus Panzer, 1806; Supp Table 1 [on the web only] ). By using the jackknife step one and you may dos indexes, the bee variety fullness try projected are anywhere between ± 9.89 and ± . The fresh seen richness ergo represented 71.step 3 so you can 79.6% of the projected bee fullness ( Dining table 2). The brand new Chao1 means projected the latest observed fullness are 76.8% of prospective restriction richness ( Dining table dos). The quintessential numerous varieties is Apis mellifera L. (276 anyone), followed by Rhodanthidium septemdentatum (Latreille, 1809), Rh. sticticum (Fabricius, 1787) (174 and you will 168 people, respectively), and you can Lasioglossum transitorium (Shenck, 1868) (113 somebody). Eventually, fifty varieties (26%) were portrayed by singular personal (singletons).

Ecological Qualities away from Bees

Concerning your environmental traits out of nesting choices, we recognized 59 unmarried bee species nesting above crushed, ninety five unmarried bee variety nesting underground and 23 cleptoparasitic types, corresponding to 29.7, 47.9, and you can twelve.0% of total bee types fullness, respectively. I imagined four public types (bumble bees and you can honey bees-2.1%). In the long run, the newest nesting preferences out-of 14 variety will always be not familiar (7.3%- Supp Table step 1 [on line merely] ). About your flowery diet plan from bee species, i unearthed that 105 kinds (54.7%) foraged into the a wide range of plant variety (i.e., generalist types, polylectic) and you can 51 species (twenty-six.5%) foraged using one bush family relations otherwise one to/pair plant varieties (we.elizabeth., professional species, oligolectic). On left thirty-six bee varieties (18.8%), the fresh floral diet plan wasn’t recognized (elizabeth.g., for cleptoparasitic varieties). But not, very generalist species shown a desires for starters otherwise a number of bush family ( Supp Desk step one [on the web merely] ). For the 49 singletons, fourteen bee types (28%) was gurus, and you will 9 bee kinds (18%) was cleptoparasitic ( Supp Dining table 1 [online only] ).

An IUCN position try available for 178 kinds (excluding the latest varieties buildings and you can unidentified species). Among those, 47 types have been categorized because the studies lacking (DD-twenty-six.4%), 124 varieties was indeed the very least alarmed (LC-69.6%), half dozen types was indeed near threatened (NT-3.4%; Andrena ovatula (Kirby, 1802), Colletes albomaculatus (Lucas, 1849), Dasypoda argentata Panzer, 1809, Halictus quadricinctus (Fabricius, 1776), Lasioglossum prasinum (Smith, 1848), and you will L. pygmaeum (Schenck, 1853)), and one species are believed threatened (EN-0.6%; L. soror (Saunders, 1901)- Supp Desk step 1 [on the internet just] ). Three oligolectic variety have been among the many eight threatened bee species. A beneficial. ovatula and you may C. albomaculatus are specialists to the Fabaceae, D. argentata was an expert with the Caprifoliaceae.

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Out-of 2009 in order to 2018, 38 types of hover flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) have been stuck during the Calanques National Playground. It belonged in order to 24 genera ( Supp Table 2 [on line simply] ). More numerous genera had been Paragus Latreille, 1804 (33 individuals), Meliscaeva Frey, 1946 (14 people), and you will Sphaerophoria Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau Audinet-Serville within the Latreille, 1828 (thirteen people), whereas 20 variety (53%) was basically represented because of the one private ( Supp Table 2 [on the web only] ). This new bee flies (Diptera: Bombyliidae) have been illustrated of the 20 species, along with five singletons (25%) ( Supp Table step 3 [on the web only] ). The newest estimation away from complete species richness from hover flies and you may bee flies are between 83 and 97 kinds by using the jackknife 1 and you can 2 indexes, respectively. Therefore, the latest seen richness represented 59.8–69.9% of one’s estimated hover travel and you can bee fly richness ( Dining table 2).