Most of the strategies was given throughout the college or university day

Professionals on the three organizations was basically applied privately the Italian items of your UPPS-P Spontaneous Choices Scale (UPPS-P; ) therefore the DERS mind-statement surveys. Players have been administered new UPPS-P and the DERS two to four weeks after the 1st BPI management. All of the measures was in fact administered into the haphazard order. New BPI, new UPPS-P, in addition to DERS was indeed translated on the Italian from the a couple of authors; for all strategies, the newest adequacy of Italian translations on their particular totally new versions was controlled by English mommy-tongue top-notch translators because of back-translations.

Borderline Personality Catalog (BPI)

The BPI is a 53–item self–report questionnaire based on Kernberg’s concept of borderline personality organization . It assesses a broad range of phenomenological manifestations of BPD pathology, including affectivity and identity disturbances, fear of closeness, interpersonal instability, self–harming/suicidal behavior, impulsive behavior, dissociative symptoms and psychotic symptoms. Applying a modification of the original true–false (yes/no) rating of the items , items were scored on a Likert-type scale with four levels of agreement ranging from “disagree strongly” to “agree strongly” . The BPI yields a total score that is a dimensional measure of overall BPD psychopathology (with higher scores corresponding to greater BPD psychopathology). Only the first 51 items of the BPI are summed to compute the BPI total score (which can range from 51 to 204). In adult participants, the BPI has been found to be a reliable and valid measure of BPD, with sensitivity and specificity data showing that the BPI identifies independently diagnosed patients with sufficient hit rates . Likewise, in adult participants, the BPI total score has been shown to yield good agreement with Gunderson’s DIB-R [46, 47] and DSM-III-R diagnostic criteria for BPD . Of particular relevance to this study, the BPI has also been found to be a reliable measure of BPD features in samples of adolescents . In support of the measure’s construct validity, scores on the Italian version of the BPI (Cronbach ? = .93) have been found to evidence significant associations with self-reports of childhood sexual abuse, r = .29, p < .001, childhood neglect, r = .33, p < .001, and emotion dysregulation (as assessed with the DERS), r = .39, p < .001, in a sample of Italian nonclinical adults (N = 431, 58.2% female, mean age = 35 ± 16).

In the present study, the Cronbach ? values of the BPI total scores were .91 and .97 in the screening sample (N = 1,157) and the three groups combined, respectively. Similar Cronbach ? values were observed for the BPI total score within each group. In the present study, a subsample of 75 adolescents (41.3% female, mean age = years, SD = 1.74) agreed to be re-administered the Italian version of the BPI one month after the first administration; the value of the test-retest reliability coefficient was good, r = .85, p < .001.

Difficulties for the Emotion Controls Scale (DERS)

The new DERS try 36-item level that give a comprehensive testing from overall feeling dysregulation and half a dozen particular size: nonacceptance of negative ideas, troubles engaging in mission-directed practices when disturb, difficulties dealing with spontaneous practices when distressed, restricted entry to productive feeling controls actions, decreased mental feel, and insufficient emotional clearness. New DERS have showed a great sample–retest precision and you may sufficient create and you will predictive legitimacy , and that is firmly coordinated which have an experimental measure of emotion regulation certainly BPD clients (r = -.63; see ). After that, the new DERS has been discovered to possess a good inner texture and you may sufficient create and you may convergent validity certainly adolescents old 11–17, in addition to an equivalent her grounds design to that found in grownups . In the current data, this new DERS full score presented sufficient inner structure regarding entire test (N = 91), Cronbach ? = .90, and in the latest higher-BPD classification (Cronbach ? = .89), average-BPD group (Cronbach ? = .78), and you will reduced-BPD group (Cronbach ? = .79).